68k Macintosh
The Computer for the Rest of Us

Macintosh – 1984

The one that started it all. Case design was identical in the 128k and 512k Mac models, with a 9″ black & white screen, small keyboard, separate numeric keypad, and a 3.5″ 400k floppy drive; the 512k “Fat Mac” added badly needed RAM. System Software ran off one floppy, and a second external drive (if you were lucky) held your program or data files – swapping floppies was a way of life for Mac pioneers. The original Mac System Software did not yet have a Shut Down command, just Eject Disk and the power switch on the back. But Windows and Menus were there, the Mouse got introduced to the masses, and the classic Calculator desk accessory survived virtually unchanged all the way to Mac OS 9! The GUI had arrived.

At the VMM a 512k traces the early evolution of the Mac OS with boot floppies for Systems 1-5. VMM TV:Apple “1984” Commercial

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Macintosh Plus – 1986

Apple’s longest selling 68k Macintosh model (1986-1990), the Mac Plus brought SCSI support, a full keyboard, a significantly larger RAM capacity (4MB) and an external hard drive option – yay, the end of floppy swapping! The Plus became a big business seller, and teamed with the original Apple LaserWriter and Adobe PostScript fonts offered a reasonably priced entry into the new world of Desktop Publishing. The Mac’s role in defining this industry had an indelible effect on publishing and the dissemination of information worldwide.

The VMM Mac Plus runs System 6.0.8 and is loaded with copies of Apple’s original MacPaint, MacWrite and MacDraw, plus a few classic Mac games. VMM Blog:Vintage Mac Museum Workhorse – Mac Plus


Macintosh IIci – 1989

The Mac II marked the introduction of color screens and expandable systems – with fans (an objection of His Stevedom during the First Jobs Dynasty). The Mac’s use in business, live performances and the creative arts exploded with the Mac II line. The IIci was the most popular of the series, using a smaller, easy to service 3-slot case sized for cubicle desktops; the IIfx was the 6 slot champ with its “wicked fast” 40MHz 68030. And who can forget the clarity of the Apple 13″ RGB monitor? So what if it weighed 50 pounds and doubled as a space heater, the thing was built like a tank!

The Museum Mac IIci runs System 7.1 and has copies of two seminal early web applications, NCSA Mosaic (the first graphical web browser) and Netscape 1.1N. Let the Browser Wars commence! VMM TV:Dinosaurs

Macintosh SE/30 – 1989

The SE/30 was the compact Mac on steroids. A 68030 processor gave this machine the processing power of a Mac IIx, a PDS expansion slot allowed for ethernet capabilities, and it had a power supply that couldn’t be beat – to this day there are still SE/30s running in dusty closets around the world. This machine powered many home MIDI studios running MOTU Performer and Opcode Vision software, and often found a second life as a back room fileserver (just like your hand-me-down iMac). The VMM SE/30 runs System 7.5.5 and can go wireless using an ethernet-to-WiFi bridge.
There’s nothing like surfing the ‘net in black & white with Netscape 2.0 to impress the friends and neighbors!

Macintosh TV – 1993

A black Mac! The MacTV was a limited edition Performa 520 all-in one, clad in a black case and including a TV tuner card. A Control Panel or supplied infrared remote control switched the whole screen between the Mac’s desktop, the TV tuner or a composite video input – no video-in-a-window on this puppy. Nothing the Performa couldn’t do, but Apple offered very few black machines during this period (or since) in North America (they were more popular in Europe), and it looked very cool! Unfortunately it was ahead of its time, and underwhelming performance plus slow sales led to a short lifespan. It has since become a desirable collector’s model.

At the VMM a MacTV is connected to a DVD player running a loop of Apple TV commercials and demos from throughout Apple’s history.

Quadra 840 AV – 1993

The Motorola 68040 processor was the powerhouse of the 68k era, and the Quadra series (replacing the Mac II) was named after this fourth-generation chip. The 840AV was the ultimate 68k Macintosh: 40MHz ‘040 processor, fastest NuBus architecture, 16 bit stereo sound with video input/output, the ARTA chip (Apple Real Time Architecture – another fine technology doomed before it’s time), and a sporty minitower case. This machine was faster for many tasks than the first generation PowerPC machines introduced a year later, and Quadras dominated the professional audio and video production industries in the early 1990s. At the Museum a Quadra 840AV is running Mac OS 8.1 and showcasing Apple’s legendary “1984” commercial on its AudioVision monitor. VMM TV:The Quadra Revolution

Macintosh Color Classic – 1993

Putting a color screen into the original compact Mac case always seemed an obvious step, although by the time this model was released the Mac II line had been out for several years and Apple was beginning to ship faster 68040 based systems. The 16MHz 68030 processor provided pokey performance, but the Color Classic was cute, portable and inexpensive. It became relatively popular, particulary in Japan where space was at a premium, and a 33MHz Color Classic II with stereo sound was released only for that market.

A working Color Classic is a new edition to the VMM, and sits proudly on top of my office bookshelf running the After Dark “Fish” screensaver. Which is much easier than setting up my actual Macquarium…
VMM Blog:Resurrecting a Macintosh Color Classic


68k Macintosh PowerPC Beige PowerPC G-Series PowerBook Rare Items

So, you’ve decided to download an older version of Mac OS X. There are many reasons that could point you to this radical decision. To begin with, some of your apps may not be working properly (or simply crash) on newer operating systems. Also, you may have noticed your Mac’s performance went down right after the last update. Finally, if you want to run a parallel copy of Mac OS X on a virtual machine, you too will need a working installation file of an older Mac OS X. Further down we’ll explain where to get one and what problems you may face down the road.

A list of all Mac OS X versions

We’ll be repeatedly referring to these Apple OS versions below, so it’s good to know the basic macOS timeline.

Cheetah 10.0Puma 10.1Jaguar 10.2
Panther 10.3Tiger 10.4Leopard 10.5
Snow Leopard 10.6Lion 10.7Mountain Lion 10.8
Mavericks 10.9Yosemite 10.10El Capitan 10.11
Sierra 10.12High Sierra 10.13Mojave 10.14
Catalina 10.15

STEP 1. Prepare your Mac for installation

Given your Mac isn’t new and is filled with data, you will probably need enough free space on your Mac. This includes not just space for the OS itself but also space for other applications and your user data. One more argument is that the free space on your disk translates into virtual memory so your apps have “fuel” to operate on. The chart below tells you how much free space is needed.

Note, that it is recommended that you install OS on a clean drive. Next, you will need enough disk space available, for example, to create Recovery Partition. Here are some ideas to free up space on your drive:

  • Uninstall large unused apps
  • Empty Trash Bin and Downloads
  • Locate the biggest files on your computer:

Go to Finder > All My Files > Arrange by size
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren’t comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic “room cleaners”. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it’s most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.

CUBSICAL Mac OS

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.4 - 10.8 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.9 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.10 - 10.14 (free version)

STEP 2. Get a copy of Mac OS X download

Normally, it is assumed that updating OS is a one-way road. That’s why going back to a past Apple OS version is problematic. The main challenge is to download the OS installation file itself, because your Mac may already be running a newer version. If you succeed in downloading the OS installation, your next step is to create a bootable USB or DVD and then reinstall the OS on your computer.

How to download older Mac OS X versions via the App Store


If you once had purchased an old version of Mac OS X from the App Store, open it and go to the Purchased tab. There you’ll find all the installers you can download. However, it doesn’t always work that way. The purchased section lists only those operating systems that you had downloaded in the past. But here is the path to check it:

Cubsical Mac Os Download

  1. Click the App Store icon.
  2. Click Purchases in the top menu.
  3. Scroll down to find the preferred OS X version.
  4. Click Download.

This method allows you to download Mavericks and Yosemite by logging with your Apple ID — only if you previously downloaded them from the Mac App Store.

Without App Store: Download Mac OS version as Apple Developer

If you are signed with an Apple Developer account, you can get access to products that are no longer listed on the App Store. If you desperately need a lower OS X version build, consider creating a new Developer account among other options. The membership cost is $99/year and provides a bunch of perks unavailable to ordinary users.

Nevertheless, keep in mind that if you visit developer.apple.com/downloads, you can only find 10.3-10.6 OS X operating systems there. Newer versions are not available because starting Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.7, the App Store has become the only source of updating Apple OS versions.

Purchase an older version of Mac operating system

You can purchase a boxed or email version of past Mac OS X directly from Apple. Both will cost you around $20. For the reason of being rather antiquated, Snow Leopard and earlier Apple versions can only be installed from DVD.

Buy a boxed edition of Snow Leopard 10.6
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8

Cubsical Mac Os Catalina

The email edition comes with a special download code you can use for the Mac App Store. Note, that to install the Lion or Mountain Lion, your Mac needs to be running Snow Leopard so you can install the newer OS on top of it.

How to get macOS El Capitan download

If you are wondering if you can run El Capitan on an older Mac, rejoice as it’s possible too. But before your Mac can run El Capitan it has to be updated to OS X 10.6.8. So, here are main steps you should take:

1. Install Snow Leopard from install DVD.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.

“I can’t download an old version of Mac OS X”

If you have a newer Mac, there is no physical option to install Mac OS versions older than your current Mac model. For instance, if your MacBook was released in 2014, don’t expect it to run any OS released prior of that time, because older Apple OS versions simply do not include hardware drivers for your Mac.

But as it often happens, workarounds are possible. There is still a chance to download the installation file if you have an access to a Mac (or virtual machine) running that operating system. For example, to get an installer for Lion, you may ask a friend who has Lion-operated Mac or, once again, set up a virtual machine running Lion. Then you will need to prepare an external drive to download the installation file using OS X Utilities.

Cubsical Mac Os X

After you’ve completed the download, the installer should launch automatically, but you can click Cancel and copy the file you need. Below is the detailed instruction how to do it.

STEP 3. Install older OS X onto an external drive

The following method allows you to download Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion, and Mavericks.

  1. Start your Mac holding down Command + R.
  2. Prepare a clean external drive (at least 10 GB of storage).
  3. Within OS X Utilities, choose Reinstall OS X.
  4. Select external drive as a source.
  5. Enter your Apple ID.

Now the OS should start downloading automatically onto the external drive. After the download is complete, your Mac will prompt you to do a restart, but at this point, you should completely shut it down. Now that the installation file is “captured” onto your external drive, you can reinstall the OS, this time running the file on your Mac.

Cubsical Mac Os Update

  1. Boot your Mac from your standard drive.
  2. Connect the external drive.
  3. Go to external drive > OS X Install Data.

Locate InstallESD.dmg disk image file — this is the file you need to reinstall Lion OS X. The same steps are valid for Mountain Lion and Mavericks.

How to downgrade a Mac running later macOS versions

If your Mac runs macOS Sierra 10.12 or macOS High Sierra 10.13, it is possible to revert it to the previous system if you are not satisfied with the experience. You can do it either with Time Machine or by creating a bootable USB or external drive.
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra

Instruction to downgrade from macOS High Sierra

Instruction to downgrade from macOS Mojave

Instruction to downgrade from macOS Catalina

Before you do it, the best advice is to back your Mac up so your most important files stay intact. In addition to that, it makes sense to clean up your Mac from old system junk files and application leftovers. The easiest way to do it is to run CleanMyMac X on your machine (download it for free here).

Visit your local Apple Store to download older OS X version

If none of the options to get older OS X worked, pay a visit to nearest local Apple Store. They should have image installations going back to OS Leopard and earlier. You can also ask their assistance to create a bootable USB drive with the installation file. So here you are. We hope this article has helped you to download an old version of Mac OS X. Below are a few more links you may find interesting.